The timeline for the registration process of in vitro diagnostics (IVDs) in the United States depends on several factors, including the classification of the device, the type of submission required, and whether additional testing or documentation is needed. Here's a general overview:

1. Class I Devices (Low Risk):

   • Timeline: Typically, the registration process for Class I devices can take a few weeks to a couple of months. This includes the establishment registration and device listing with the FDA.
   • Additional Notes: Most Class I devices are exempt from pre-market notification (510(k)), but they still need to meet FDA labeling and quality system requirements.

2. Class II Devices (Moderate Risk):

   • Timeline: The 510(k) submission process for Class II devices generally takes about 3 to 6 months for the FDA to review. In some cases, it may take longer if additional information or testing is required.
   • Additional Notes: Manufacturers must demonstrate that their device is substantially equivalent to a legally marketed device. If the FDA requests additional data or clarification, this can extend the timeline.

3. Class III Devices (High Risk):

   • Timeline: The pre-market approval (PMA) process for Class III devices typically takes 6 months to 2 years, depending on the complexity of the device and the amount of clinical data required. In some cases, PMA submissions can take even longer.
   • Additional Notes: Class III devices usually require clinical trials and extensive evidence to demonstrate safety and efficacy. The review process can be lengthy, especially if the device is novel or requires special considerations.

4. Laboratory-Developed Tests (LDTs):

   • Timeline: The timeline for LDT registration can vary greatly, depending on the type of test and whether the FDA has already issued guidance or approval for similar tests. It can take several months to a year for FDA review.

5. General Factors Affecting Timeline:

   • Type of Submission: The type of submission (510(k), PMA, etc.) affects how long the process takes.
   • Additional Testing: The need for clinical trials, additional testing, or data submission can extend the timeline.
   • FDA Review Time: While the FDA has target review timelines (e.g., 90 days for 510(k) reviews), the review process can be delayed if the FDA requests more information or if the device is particularly complex.

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